Modifier Reference

Modifiers are used in conjunction with operators. A modifier changes the standard behavior of an operator. For example, you can use the CASE modifier with an operator to specify that the case of the search word you enter be considered a search element as well. Modifiers include CASE, MANY, NOT, and ORDER.

There are two syntax formats used to specify modifiers with operators. Using the first format, you specify the modifier name before the operator name, as shown in the table below. Please note that most of the modifiers can only be used with particular operators.

Modifier  Valid Operators  Examples
CASE WORD
WILDCARD
<CASE><WORD> iMac
MANY WORD
WILDCARD
STEM
SOUNDEX
PHRASE
SENTENCE
PARAGRAPH
<MANY><WORD> virtual
NOT all operators cat <AND> dog <AND> <NOT> pet
ORDER PARAGRAPH
SENTENCE
NEAR/N
ALL

president <ORDER> <PARAGRAPH> washington

<ORDER> <SENTENCE> ("president", "washington")

Using the second syntax format, you specify the modifier name with the operator name as follows: <OpName/ModName>. This second syntax is valid only for the CASE and NOT modifiers.

Modifier Valid Operators Examples
CASE WORD
WILDCARD
CONTAINS
MATCHES
STARTS
ENDS
SUBSTRING
author <CONTAINS/CASE>Don
NOT all operators author<CONTAINS/NOT>don
author<STARTS/NOT>xxx